2013년 11월 28일 목요일

About 'mutual fund prices'|Historical Mutual Fund Prices Related Resource







About 'mutual fund prices'|Historical Mutual Fund Prices Related Resource








When               you               sell,               exchange,               or               redeem               shares               in               a               mutual               fund,               you               generally               have               a               taxable               gain               or               loss.

Mutual               fund               shares               are               treated               as               a               capital               asset               for               U.S.

federal               income               tax               purposes,               therefore               any               gain               or               loss               would               normally               be               reported               on               Schedule               D               of               Form               1040               when               you               file               your               annual               income               tax               return.

The               gain               or               loss               is               calculated               as               the               difference               between               your               adjusted               basis               in               the               mutual               fund               shares               and               the               amount               you               realize               on               the               sale,               exchange,               or               redemption.

A               sale               is               the               transfer               of               mutual               fund               shares               for               money,               an               exchange               is               the               transfer               of               shares               in               return               for               other               shares,               and               a               redemption               is               when               the               mutual               fund               reacquires               its               shares               from               you               in               exchange               for               money               or               other               shares.

In               all               three               cases,               you               should               keep               the               confirmation               statement               you               receive.

This               statement               indicates               the               price               you               received               and               other               information               for               reporting               the               gain               or               loss               on               your               tax               return.

After               the               end               of               the               year,               the               mutual               fund               or               broker               should               send               you               a               Form               1099-B               reporting               the               proceeds               from               sales,               exchanges               and               redemptions               during               the               year.

This               form               is               also               sent               to               the               Internal               Revenue               Service               (IRS).
               Amount               Realized
               The               amount               realized               on               the               sale               or               transfer               of               mutual               fund               shares               is               the               total               money               and               the               value               of               any               property               you               receive,               minus               your               expenses               of               sale,               such               as               sales               commissions,               sales               charges,               exit               fees,               or               redemption               fees.
               Adjusted               Basis
               The               adjusted               basis               of               your               mutual               fund               shares               is               the               original               basis,               which               depends               on               how               you               acquired               them,               plus               or               minus               adjustments               for               certain               events               that               occur               after               you               originally               acquire               the               shares.
               Original               Basis
               The               original               basis               depends               on               whether               you               purchased               the               shares,               acquired               them               by               reinvestment,               by               gift               or               inheritance.
               Purchase
               When               you               purchase               mutual               fund               shares,               their               original               basis               is               their               cost               or               purchase               price,               plus               any               commissions               or               load               charges               you               paid               for               the               purchase.

These               commissions               or               load               charges               are               not               deductible,               but               rather               are               recovered               as               part               of               the               basis               when               you               sell,               exchange               or               redeem               the               shares.
               Reinvestment
               When               you               acquire               additional               mutual               fund               shares               by               reinvesting               the               distributions               you               receive,               the               original               basis               of               the               new               shares               you               acquire               is               the               amount               of               distributions               used               to               acquire               them.
               Gift
               The               original               basis               of               mutual               fund               shares               acquired               as               a               gift               depends               on               the               donor's               adjusted               basis,               the               date               of               the               gift,               the               fair               market               value               on               the               date               of               the               gift,               and               any               gift               taxes               that               were               paid.

The               fair               market               value               is               the               last               quoted               public               redemption               price.
               When               the               fair               market               value               of               the               shares               on               the               date               of               the               gift               is               less               than               the               donor's               adjusted               basis,               you               would               use               the               donor's               adjusted               basis               for               calculating               any               gain               on               a               subsequent               sale               or               other               disposition               of               the               shares.

And               you               would               use               the               fair               market               value               on               the               date               you               received               the               shares               for               calculating               any               loss               on               a               subsequent               sale               or               other               disposition.

This               means               that               if               you               later               sell               or               dispose               of               the               shares               and               realize               a               value               that               is               somewhere               between               the               donor's               adjusted               basis               and               the               fair               market               value,               you               would               have               neither               a               gain               nor               a               loss               on               that               transaction               for               tax               purposes.
               If               the               fair               market               value               on               the               date               of               the               gift               is               equal               to               or               greater               than               the               donor's               adjusted               basis,               your               adjusted               basis               is               the               donor's               adjusted               basis               at               the               time               of               the               gift               plus               the               applicable               gift               tax               paid.
               Inheritance
               When               you               inherit               mutual               fund               shares,               your               original               basis               is               generally               their               fair               market               value               on               the               date               of               the               decedent's               death,               or               on               the               alternate               valuation               date               chosen               by               the               administrator               for               estate               tax               purposes.
               However,               a               different               rule               applies               if               you               gave               the               decedent               the               mutual               fund               shares               within               one               year               prior               to               his               or               her               death.

In               this               case,               your               original               basis               of               the               shares               you               acquired               by               inheritance               from               the               decedent               would               be               the               decedent's               adjusted               basis.
               Adjustments               to               Basis
               You               increase               your               basis               by               the               difference               between               any               undistributed               capital               gains               and               the               tax               that               is               considered               to               have               been               paid               by               you               on               those               gains.

Undistributed               capital               gains               are               reported               in               box               1a               of               Form               2439,               and               the               tax               paid               by               the               mutual               fund               is               reported               in               box               2.
               You               decrease               your               basis               by               any               distributions               you               receive               from               the               fund               that               are               not               dividends.

These               distributions               are               reported               in               box               3               of               Form               1099-DIV.
               Identifying               the               Mutual               Fund               Shares               Sold
               When               you               sell,               exchange               or               otherwise               dispose               of               mutual               fund               shares               that               you               acquired               at               different               times               and               at               different               prices,               you               will               need               to               identify               the               shares               that               were               disposed               of,               and               their               adjusted               basis.

To               do               this,               you               can               use               either               a               cost               basis               or               an               average               basis               to               calculate               your               gain               or               loss.
               Cost               Basis
               If               you               elect               to               use               the               cost               basis,               you               can               either:               
               •               Specifically               identify               the               cost               of               the               shares,               or               
               •               Use               the               first-in-first-out               method.
               When               you               use               the               specific               identification               method,               you               have               to               specify               to               your               broker               or               agent               which               shares               you               are               selling               or               transferring,               and               must               receive               written               confirmation               from               your               broker               or               agent.

And               you               will               need               records               to               prove               your               basis               in               the               shares               you               have               identified.
               Under               the               first-in-first-out               method,               when               you               sell               or               transfer               shares               acquired               at               different               times               and               at               different               prices,               you               consider               that               the               oldest               shares               are               sold               or               transferred               first,               and               you               use               the               adjusted               basis               of               the               shares               in               the               order               in               which               they               were               acquired               in               order               to               calculate               the               gain               or               loss.
               You               will               need               to               keep               records               showing               the               original               basis               and               adjustments               to               that               basis               for               each               group               of               shares               acquired,               until               all               shares               acquired               at               each               given               time               are               completely               disposed               of.
               Average               Basis
               You               can               use               the               average               basis               only               if               you               acquired               shares               at               different               times               and               at               different               prices,               and               left               the               shares               in               an               account               handled               by               a               custodian               or               agent.

Once               you               choose               to               use               an               average               basis,               you               have               to               continue               using               it               for               all               shares               in               the               same               fund,               but               you               could               use               the               cost               basis               for               shares               in               another               fund.
               There               are               two               methods               that               can               be               used               to               determine               the               average               basis               of               the               shares:               
               •               Single               category               method               and               
               •               Double               category               method.
               Single               Category               Method
               The               basis               of               the               shares               sold               or               transferred               using               the               single               category               method               is               calculated               as               follows:               
               •               Total               adjusted               basis               of               all               the               shares               you               own               in               the               fund               just               before               the               sale               or               transfer               
               •               Divided               by               the               total               number               of               shares               you               held               in               the               fund               
               •               Equals               the               average               basis               of               each               share               
               •               Times               the               number               of               shares               sold               or               transferred               
               •               Equals               the               adjusted               basis               of               those               shares               for               determining               gain               or               loss.
               After               the               sale               or               transfer,               the               average               adjusted               basis               of               the               remaining               shares               stays               the               same               until               you               acquire               additional               shares.

At               that               time               you               would               have               to               recalculate               the               average               basis,               taking               into               account               the               cost               or               other               basis               of               the               new               shares               you               acquire.
               Holding               Period
               Even               when               you               use               an               average               method               to               determine               the               basis               of               the               shares               sold               or               exchanged,               you               will               still               need               to               keep               track               of               the               acquisition               dates               to               determine               whether               the               gain               or               loss               is               long               term               or               short               term.

When               you               use               the               average               method,               the               shares               sold               or               exchanged               are               considered               to               be               those               acquired               first.
               Double               Category               Method
               The               double               category               method               takes               into               account               the               holding               period               by               separating               shares               into               short               term               and               long               term               categories,               based               on               when               they               were               acquired.
               The               basis               of               each               share               in               a               category               is               the               total               adjusted               basis               of               all               shares               in               that               category               divided               by               the               number               of               shares               in               that               category.
               When               you               use               this               method,               you               have               to               specify               to               your               broker               or               agent               the               category               from               which               you               are               selling               the               shares,               and               the               broker               or               agent               must               send               you               a               written               confirmation.

If               you               do               not               make               this               specification,               or               do               not               receive               confirmation,               for               tax               purposes               it               is               presumed               that               the               sale               or               exchange               is               charged               against               the               long-term               category               first,               and               if               used               up,               any               remaining               shares               involved               in               the               sale               or               exchange               are               charged               against               the               short-term               category.
               After               shares               have               been               held               over               a               year,               they               must               be               transferred               from               the               short-term               to               the               long-term               category.

The               basis               at               which               the               shares               are               transferred               is               their               cost               or               other               original               basis               to               you,               depending               on               how               they               were               acquired.

But               if               some               of               the               shares               in               the               short-term               category               have               been               disposed               of,               the               basis               of               the               shares               transferred               to               the               long-term               category               is               the               average               basis               of               the               shares               remaining               in               the               short-term               category               after               the               most               recent               disposal.


               Example               
               •               On               January               15,               2005,               you               purchased               200               shares               of               Fund               X               at               $8               a               share,               for               a               total               cost               of               $1,600.


               •               On               September               30,               2005,               you               purchased               an               additional               100               shares               of               the               same               fund               at               $7               a               share,               for               a               total               of               $700.


               •               On               October               10,               2005               you               reinvested               a               dividend               of               $75               acquiring               10               additional               shares.


               •               On               February               2,               2006,               you               sell               250               shares               at               $9               a               share,               realizing               a               total               of               $2,250.
               Cost               Basis               (FIFO):               
               •               Of               the               250               shares               you               sold               on               February               2,               2006,               200               shares               are               valued               at               their               cost               of               $8               a               share               on               January               15,               2005,               for               a               total               of               $1,600.


               •               The               other               50               shares               come               from               the               shares               you               purchased               for               $7               a               share               on               September               30,               2005,               for               a               total               cost               of               $350.


               •               Your               total               basis               is               $1,950               ($1,600               +               $350).


               •               Your               gain               on               the               sale               is               $300               ($2,250               realized               -               $1,950               basis).


               •               Of               this               gain,               $200               would               be               long-term               (200               shares               sold               at               $9               minus               basis               of               $8               per               share).


               •               The               remaining               gain               of               $100               would               be               short-term               (50               shares               sold               at               $8               minus               basis               of               $7               per               share).
               Average               Basis               -               Single               Category:               
               •               The               basis               of               the               shares               is               the               total               of               $2,375               invested               in               the               fund               ($1,600               +               $700               +               $75)               divided               by               the               310               total               shares               (200               +               100               +               10)               equals               an               average               basis               of               $7.66.


               •               The               total               basis               of               the               250               shares               sold               on               February               2,               2006               is               $1,915               (250               shares               x               $7.66               average               basis).


               •               Your               gain               on               the               sale               is               $335               ($2,250               realized               -               $1,915               basis).


               •               Of               this               gain,               $268               would               be               long-term               (200               shares               sold               at               $9               minus               average               basis               of               $7.66               =               $1,800               -               $1,532).


               •               The               remaining               gain               of               $67               would               be               short-term               (50               shares               sold               at               $9               minus               average               basis               of               $7.66               per               share               =               $450               -               $383).
               Average               Basis               -               Double               Category:               
               •               The               basis               of               the               shares               in               the               long-term               category,               just               before               the               sale,               is               the               total               of               $1,600               divided               by               the               200               total               shares,               equal               to               $8               per               share.


               •               The               basis               of               the               shares               in               the               short-term               category               is               the               total               of               $775               invested               ($700               +               $75)               divided               by               the               110               total               shares               (100               +               10)               equals               an               average               basis               of               $7.05.


               •               Your               long-term               gain               on               the               sale               is               $200               (200               shares               sold               at               $9               minus               average               basis               of               $8               in               the               long-term               category).


               •               Your               short-term               gain               on               the               sale               is               $97.50               (50               shares               sold               at               $9               minus               average               basis               of               $7.05               in               the               short-term               category               =               $450               -               $352.50).






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